Counterpoint is a musical composition technique that weaves together different melodies in a way that is both harmonically satisfying and melodically interesting, creating a rich and layered musical texture. The musical interest may lie more in the movement of the individual melodic lines, but the harmonic progressions may be especially pleasing as a result.

Contrapuntal means the music has the characteristics of Counterpoint.

Fugues are a specialised form of Counterpoint where the same melody is used by each voice as it enters, and the other parts weave their lines around it.

A fugato is a musical passage written in the style of a Fugue but not a complete Fugue itself.

Canon is a contrapuntal compositional technique where a melody is played and then imitated by one or more voices or instruments, entering at different times

JS Bach was a noted master of Counterpoint, with an unmatched ability to compose complex fugues both for keyboard and for orchestral and choral ensembles.